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Clinical diagnostics and imaging

This section concerns clinical and research studies of the clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders focusing on musculoskeletal radiology and diagnostic imaging of musculoskeletal disorders.  

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  1. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a common skeletal dysplasia that is characterized by variable degrees of epiphyseal abnormality primarily involving the hip and knee joints. Mutations in a gene encoding ...

    Authors: Thuong Thi Ho, Linh Huyen Tran, Lan Thu Hoang, Phuong Kim Thi Doan, Trang Thi Nguyen, Trang Hong Nguyen, Hoai Thu Tran, Ha Hoang, Ha Hoang Chu and Anh Lan Thi Luong

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:216

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  2. Psoriasis (Pso), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory diseases. PsA and RA are characterized by bone and muscle loss. In RA, bone loss has been extensively characterized, bu...

    Authors: Andreas Friedberger, Camille Figueiredo, Alexandra Grimm, Isabelle d’Oliveira, Tobias Bäuerle, Jürgen Rech, Arnd Kleyer, David Simon, Michael Uder, Georg Schett and Klaus Engelke

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:203

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Varus deformities of the knee are frequently corrected by osteotomies, which should be performed at the level of origin. But in contrast to high tibial osteotomies (HTO), little data exists for distal femoral ...

    Authors: Julian Fürmetz, Sven Patzler, Florian Wolf, Nikolaus Degen, Wolf Christian Prall, Chris Soo, Wolfgang Böcker and Peter Helmut Thaller

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:201

    Content type: Research article

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  4. Scoliosis is a spine abnormal deviation, which is an idiopathic disorder among children and adolescents. As a matter of the fact, distribution of loads on the patient’s spine and load-carrying capacity of the ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Nouri, S. Hooman Ghasemi and Ji Yun Lee

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:199

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  5. Meniscal cysts are not uncommon in clinical practice, with reported incidence rates varying from 1 to 22%. Most meniscal cysts are parameniscal cysts, which are created by extravasation of synovial fluid throu...

    Authors: Young-mo Kim, Darryl D. D’Lima, Yong-bum Joo and Il-young Park

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:190

    Content type: Case report

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  6. Approximately 80% of adolescent scoliosis cases are idiopathic, and some non-idiopathic scoliosis cases caused by spinal cord abnormalities are misdiagnosed as idiopathic scoliosis. This study examined the ris...

    Authors: Wei Xu, Xiangyang Zhang, Ying Zhu, Xiaodong Zhu, Zhikun Li, Dachuan Li, Jianjun Jia, Liwei Chen, Silian Wang, Yushu Bai and Ming Li

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:187

    Content type: Research article

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  7. The conventional way to identify generalised joint hypermobility is by a physical examination according to the Beighton Score. However, a physical examination is time-consuming in clinical practise and may be ...

    Authors: Martin Glans, Mats B. Humble, Marie Elwin and Susanne Bejerot

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:174

    Content type: Research article

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  8. Hand osteoarthritis (OA) has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and physical function is one of the core domains where patients suffer. The Functional Index for Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA) is a leading ...

    Authors: Yasunobu Nakagawa, Shigeru Kurimoto, Emmanuel Maheu, Yuichiro Matsui, Yuri Kanno, Kunitaka Menuki, Masanori Hayashi, Tetsuya Nemoto, Takanobu Nishizuka, Masahiro Tatebe, Michiro Yamamoto, Katsuyuki Iwatsuki, Renée Liliane Dreiser and Hitoshi Hirata

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:173

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH), also known as Trevor’s disease, is a rare skeletal developmental disorder affecting the epiphyses in pediatric patients. DEH is characterized by an asymmetric osteochon...

    Authors: Fei Gao, Guo Chen, Ruoyu Wang, Pan Huang, Jing Wang and Weihua Xu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:167

    Content type: Case report

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  10. A combination of conventional computed tomography and single photon emitted computed tomography (SPECT/CT) provides simultaneous data on the intensity and location of osteoblastic activity. Currently, since SP...

    Authors: Félix Dandois, Stijn De Buck, Lucas Beckers, Darshan Shah, Laura Slane, Hilde Vandenneucker and Lennart Scheys

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:162

    Content type: Technical advance

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  11. Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP) is a relatively rare benign extraperiosteal osteochondroma-like proliferative lesion that shares similarities with malignant tumours in terms of morpho...

    Authors: Ruoyu Yao, En Lin Goh, Zhaoxiang Fan, Xuequn Wu and Yanqi Feng

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:161

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  12. Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS) is a rare inherited skeletal disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in exon 34 of NOTCH2. Its highly variable phenotypes make early diagnosis challenging. In this paper, we report a c...

    Authors: Chunhua Zeng, Yunting Lin, Zhikun Lu, Zhen Chen, Xiaoling Jiang, Xiaojian Mao, Zongcai Liu, Xinshuo Lu, Kangdi Zhang, Qiaoli Yu, Xiaoya Wang, Yonglan Huang and Li Liu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:154

    Content type: Case report

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  14. Seven T ultra-high field MRI systems have recently been approved for clinical use by the U.S. and European regulatory agencies. These systems are now being used clinically and will likely be more widely availa...

    Authors: Christoph Treutlein, Tobias Bäuerle, Armin M. Nagel, Ali Guermazi, Arnd Kleyer, David Simon, Georg Schett, Tobias Hepp, Michael Uder and Frank W. Roemer

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:116

    Content type: Technical advance

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  15. The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to investigate the intrarater reliability of acromiohumeral distance measurement; (ii) to assess the level of association between acromiohumeral distance measured by ultr...

    Authors: Mingmin Xu, Zhenping Li, Youfa Zhou, Bin Ji, Suming Tian and Gang Chen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:106

    Content type: Research article

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  16. To evaluate the maximal sectional area (SA) of the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi) muscle and its potential correlation with to be named ligament (TBNL) in the suboccipital area using 3D MR imaging.

    Authors: Mei-Yu Sun, Xu Han, Meng-Yao Wang, Dian-Xiu Ning, Bin Xu, Li-Zhi Xie, Sheng-Bo Yu and Hong-Jin Sui

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:101

    Content type: Research article

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  17. The lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM) plays a critical role to stabilize the spine. While low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in soccer players, few studies have examined LMM characteristics in this athleti...

    Authors: Neil Nandlall, Hassan Rivaz, Amanda Rizk, Stephane Frenette, Mathieu Boily and Maryse Fortin

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:96

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most severe type of cervical spondylosis and the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction among adults over 55 years old. MRI plays an important role in the dia...

    Authors: Nanfang Xu, Youyu Zhang, Guangjin Zhou, Qiang Zhao and Shaobo Wang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:83

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  19. Ulnar neuropathy is a common reason for referral to hand surgeons, and 10 to 30% of cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is idiopathic. We hypothesized that the cause of idiopathic CuTS is in the bony structure.

    Authors: Sang Ki Lee, Seok Young Hwang and Won Sik Choy

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:76

    Content type: Research article

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  20. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect and correlation between preoperative imaging parameters and the clinical effect of endoscopic transforaminal decompression for lumbar spinal sten...

    Authors: Lijun Li, Feng Chang, Yong Hai, Jincai Yang, Cheng Xu, Jie Yuan, Jiuqiang Sun, Qinghua Wang, Shengqiang Ding and Xiaowen Yang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:68

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Chondromyxoid fibroma-like osteosarcoma (CMF-OS) is an exceedingly rare subtype of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCO), accounting for up to 10% of cases and making it difficult to diagnose. CMF-OS is freque...

    Authors: Jingyu Zhong, Liping Si, Jia Geng, Yue Xing, Yangfan Hu, Qiong Jiao, Huizhen Zhang and Weiwu Yao

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:53

    Content type: Case report

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  22. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of whole-body CT for diagnosis of hand and forearm fractures in intubated patients with suspected polytrauma.

    Authors: F. Münn, R. A. Laun, A. Asmus, R. Bülow, S. Bakir, L. Haralambiev, A. Eisenschenk and S. Kim

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:49

    Content type: Research article

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  24. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between epidemiological, clinical and radiographic factors of patients with tibial shaft fractures and the occurrence of acute compartment syndrome.

    Authors: Lydia Wuarin, Amanda I. Gonzalez, Matthieu Zingg, Patrick Belinga, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Robin Peter, Anne Lübbeke and Axel Gamulin

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:25

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  25. The objective of this study is to investigate the prognostic values of median nerve strain and applied pressure measurement for the assessment of clinical recovery after carpal tunnel release.

    Authors: Yuichi Yoshii, Wen-lin Tung, Hiroshi Yuine and Tomoo Ishii

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:22

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  26. Elastofibroma is a benign soft tissue tumor characterized by the presence of elastic fibers in a stroma of collagen and mature adipose tissue. It is reported to have a prevalence of 2.73%, as shown by a study ...

    Authors: Omran Al Dandan, Ali Hassan, Mona Al Muhaish, Jumanah AlMatrouk, Haidar Almuhanna and Tarek Hegazi

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:16

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  27. Mucosal melanomas are rare and have a high potential for metastasizing. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for single distant metastases. Malignant melanoma usually shows the highest uptake of fluor...

    Authors: Yu-An Yen, Li-Chun Wu, Na-Mi Lu and Chiang Hsuan Lee

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:13

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  28. The standard diagnostic work-up for hand and wrist fractures consists of history taking, physical examination and imaging if needed, but the supporting evidence for this work-up is limited. The purpose of this...

    Authors: Patrick Krastman, Nina M. Mathijssen, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, Gerald Kraan and Jos Runhaar

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:12

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  29. Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a complication that occurs after radiotherapy for head or neck malignancies. ORN of the spine is rare, with only few cases affecting the cervical spine reported to date. To our know...

    Authors: Cong Jin, Minghua Xie, Wengqing Liang and Yu Qian

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:7

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  30. Gorham-Stout disease, also known as vanishing bone disease, idiopathic massive osteolysis, is a rare entity of unknown etiopathology. This disease is characterized by destruction of osseous matrix and prolifer...

    Authors: Chuanxi Zheng, Fan Tang, Li Min, Yong Zhou, Yi Luo, Chongqi Tu and Shiquan Zhang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 21:3

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  31. Radiographic imaging is an important tool to assess osteoarthritis (OA). Lateral compartment osteoarthritis (valgus OA) usually starts with cartilage degeneration along the posterior aspect of the lateral femo...

    Authors: Kilian Rueckl, Armin Runer, Ulrich Bechler, Martin Faschingbauer, Sebastian Philipp Boelch, Peter Keyes Sculco and Friedrich Boettner

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:636

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the commonest entrapment neuropathy. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and validity of high resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of CTS in ...

    Authors: Basant Elnady, Elsayed M. Rageh, Tohamy Ekhouly, Sabry M. Fathy, Mohamed Alshaar, El Saeed Fouda, Mohammed Attar, Ahmed M. Abdelaal, Ahmed El Tantawi, Mohammed M. Algethami and David Bong

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:634

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements are widely used to assess fracture risk. However, the finding that some fracture patients had high BMD together with the low contribution of drugs to osteoporosis sugges...

    Authors: Yoshikuni Kida, Mitsuru Saito, Akira Shinohara, Shigeru Soshi and Keishi Marumo

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:627

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Sonication is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, conditions and definition criteria for PJI vary among studies. The aim of this study was to determine the diagn...

    Authors: Petri Bellova, Veronika Knop-Hammad, Matthias Königshausen, Eileen Mempel, Sven Frieler, Jan Gessmann, Thomas A. Schildhauer and Hinnerk Baecker

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:623

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled diphosphonates can identify prostate cancer bone metastases with high sensitivity, but relatively low specificity, because benign conditions such as osteoarthritis can also tr...

    Authors: Flavian Tabotta, Mario Jreige, Niklaus Schaefer, Fabio Becce, John O. Prior and Marie Nicod Lalonde

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:619

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Unrecognized periprosthetic joint infections are a concern in revision surgery for aseptic failure (AF) after total hip (THA) or knee (TKA) arthroplasties. A gold diagnostic standard does not exist. The aim of...

    Authors: Vesal Khalid, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Poul Torben Nielsen, Andreas Kappel, Trine Rolighed Thomsen, Ramune Aleksyniene, Jan Lorenzen and Sten Rasmussen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:600

    Content type: Research article

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  37. Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions remain a clinical and diagnostic challenge in routine (non-arthrographic) MR examinations of the shoulder. This study prospectively evaluated the ability of...

    Authors: Felix Wuennemann, Laurent Kintzelé, Felix Zeifang, Michael W. Maier, Iris Burkholder, Marc-André Weber, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor and Christoph Rehnitz

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:598

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Early magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) for nonspecific low back pain (LBP) not adherent to clinical guidelines is linked with prolonged work disability. Although the prevalence of eMRI for occupational LBP va...

    Authors: Mujahed Shraim, Manuel Cifuentes, Joanna L. Willetts, Helen R. Marucci-Wellman and Glenn Pransky

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:574

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Though malalignment of lower legs is a common pathologic phenomenon in multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE), relationship between locations of exostoses and malalignment of lower legs remains unclear. This stud...

    Authors: Yeong Seub Ahn, Seong Hwan Woo, Sung Ju Kang and Sung Taek Jung

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:564

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  40. Camptocormia has been reported in a plethora of diseases comprising disorders of the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system, and the neuromuscular junction as well as hereditary and acquired myo...

    Authors: Matthias Türk, Armin M. Nagel, Frank Roemer, Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Christian T. Thiel, Martin Winterholler and Rolf Schröder

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:553

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  41. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a challenging complication following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and the diagnostic criteria remains controversial. The 2018 new definition proposed in May 2018 cons...

    Authors: Haitao Guan, Chi Xu, Jun Fu, Ming Ni, Xiang Li, Wei Chai, Libo Hao, Yonggang Zhou and Jiying Chen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:552

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  42. Quantification of vertebral bone marrow (VBM) water–fat composition has been proposed as advanced imaging biomarker for osteoporosis. Estrogen deficiency is the primary reason for trabecular bone loss in postm...

    Authors: Michael Dieckmeyer, Stefan Ruschke, Alexander Rohrmeier, Jan Syväri, Ingo Einspieler, Vanadin Seifert-Klauss, Monika Schmidmayr, Stephan Metz, Jan S. Kirschke, Ernst J. Rummeny, Claus Zimmer, Dimitrios C. Karampinos and Thomas Baum

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:515

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Charcot neuroarthropathy is a systemic disease that generates pathological changes in the musculoskeletal system, causing instability, dislocations, and deformities. Charcot neuroarthropathy of the knee, due t...

    Authors: Qian-Hao Yang, Peichun Hsu, You-Shui Gao and Chang-Qing Zhang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:501

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  44. Multiple published studies quantitatively analysing the diagnostic value of MRI, MR arthrography (MRA) and CT arthrography (CTA) for labral lesions of the shoulder have had inconsistent results. The aim of thi...

    Authors: Fanxiao Liu, Xiangyun Cheng, Jinlei Dong, Dongsheng Zhou, Qian Sun, Xiaohui Bai and Dawei Wang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:487

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Occult and missed surgical neck fractures can be found in patients diagnosed with isolated greater tuberosity (GT) fracture during the follow up period. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess ...

    Authors: Leo Shaw, Chih-Kai Hong, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Cheng-Li Lin, Ping-Hui Wang and Wei-Ren Su

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:482

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is a rare clinical entity and is difficult to diagnose due to its insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms. The association between IPA and cardiovascular disorders (CVD) has been rarel...

    Authors: Sung-Yuan Hu, Ming-Shun Hsieh, Yao-Tien Chang, Chih-Che Huang, Che-An Tsai, Chung-Lin Tsai, Chiann-Yi Hsu, Chia-Hui Shen and Yan-Zin Chang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:474

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. The STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) identifies patients with low back pain (LBP) at risk of a worse prognosis of persistent disabling back pain, and thereby facilitates triage to appropriate treatment level. H...

    Authors: Emma Haglund, Ann Bremander and Stefan Bergman

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:460

    Content type: Research article

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  48. The treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) has evolved and less invasive methods have been tried. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody which inhibits osteoclasts. It has been shown to be effective in giant ce...

    Authors: Hans Roland Dürr, Ferdinand Grahneis, Andrea Baur-Melnyk, Thomas Knösel, Christof Birkenmaier, Volkmar Jansson and Alexander Klein

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:456

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  49. The paraspinal and psoas muscles have been considered to be essentially important for stabilizing the spinal column, and the muscle degeneration was found to exist in degenerative spinal kyphosis (DSK) patient...

    Authors: Weiwei Xia, Han Fu, Zhenqi Zhu, Chenjun Liu, Kaifeng Wang, Shuai Xu and Haiying Liu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:454

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. To compare the imaging parameters pre- and post- reductive procedure for atlantoaxial dislocation via posterior fixation using pedicle screw and rod.

    Authors: Jia Shao, Yanzheng Gao, Kun Gao and Zhenghong Yu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2019 20:451

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

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