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Clinical diagnostics and imaging

This section concerns clinical and research studies of the clinical diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders focusing on musculoskeletal radiology and diagnostic imaging of musculoskeletal disorders.  

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  1. Kashin–Beck disease (KBD) is a disabling osteoarticular disease involving growth and joint cartilage. Early diagnosis can effectively prevent the progress of the disease. However, the early diagnosis of it is ...

    Authors: Yong Li, Pengde Kang, Zongke Zhou, Fuxing Pei, Qing He and Dike Ruan

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:540

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  2. Denis and Ferguson et al.’s three-column spinal theory has been widely accepted and applied. However, this three-column theory was proposed based solely on observation and experience without thorough documente...

    Authors: Qihang Su, Cong Li, Yongchao Li, Zifei Zhou, Shuiqiang Zhang, Song Guo, Xiaofei Feng, Meijun Yan, Yan Zhang, Jinbiao Zhang, Jie Pan, Biao Cheng and Jun Tan

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:537

    Content type: Research article

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  3. Previous studies have confirmed the feasibility of the cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique. However, there are few reports on spinous process violation and screw penetration during the screw insertion. Th...

    Authors: Lilian Zhang, Naifeng Tian, Jian Yang, Wenfei Ni and Liya Jin

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:536

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  4. Multiple definitions are used to investigate injuries in musicians, resulting in a wide range of prevalence rates. The aim of this study is to establish the impact of different injury definitions on the preval...

    Authors: Suze Steemers, Marienke van Middelkoop, Gideon G. de Boks, Rogier M. van Rijn, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra and Janine H. Stubbe

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:534

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Low back-related leg pain (LBLP) is a challenge for healthcare providers to manage. Neuropathic pain (NP) is highly prevalent in presentations of LBLP and an accurate diagnosis of NP in LBLP is essential to en...

    Authors: Jai Mistry, Nicola R. Heneghan, Tim Noblet, Deborah Falla and Alison Rushton

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:532

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  6. The thoracic spine (TS) has been neglected in the study of the spine despite its essential role in the stability and posture of the entire spinal complex. Therefore, there is an inevitable need to investigate ...

    Authors: Jani Takatalo, Jari Ylinen, Tuomo Pienimäki and Arja Häkkinen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:529

    Content type: Research article

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  7. A locked thumb metacarpophalangeal joint is a rare condition that presents as restricted joint motions with mild hyperextension deformity, usually after a relatively minor hyperextension injury. Owing to the l...

    Authors: Kyung-Sik Ahn, In Cheul Choi, Chang Ho Kang and Jong Woong Park

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:509

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  8. The assessment of generalized joint hypermobility is difficult due to differences in classification methods and in the performance of joint mobility assessment. The primary aim was to evaluate the validity of ...

    Authors: Angela Schlager, Kerstin Ahlqvist, Ronnie Pingel, Lena Nilsson-Wikmar, Christina B. Olsson and Per Kristiansson

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:514

    Content type: Research article

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  9. Patellar tendon rupture is a rare condition, especially when it is bilateral. The most frequent associated pathologies are systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic renal failure, or treatments like corticosteroid...

    Authors: Zakaria El Ouali, Kawtar Nassar, Elie Bassa, Reda Taoussi, Mouna Sabiri, Mohamed Rafai and Saadia Janani

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:477

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  10. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is common during pregnancy but the causes remain poorly understood. Generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) is an inherited trait, with joint mobility beyond normal limits and is assumed...

    Authors: Kerstin Ahlqvist, Elisabeth Krefting Bjelland, Ronnie Pingel, Angela Schlager, Lena Nilsson-Wikmar and Per Kristiansson

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:474

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Currently, few studies have described the relationship between functional MRI findings and histology of normal sacroiliac joint (SIJ). Besides, due to the difficulties in access to SIJ, authentic animal models...

    Authors: Jian Qin, Qianqian Yao, Xubo Ge, Jianzhong Zhu, Zhaoliang Yin, Xiaoqian Li and Changqin Li

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:472

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Sciatica is common and associated with significant impacts for the individual and society. The SCOPiC randomised controlled trial (RCT) (trial registration: ISRCTN75449581) tested stratified primary care for s...

    Authors: Benjamin Saunders, Kika Konstantinou, Majid Artus, Nadine E Foster and Bernadette Bartlam

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:469

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Making decisions in alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. This study aims to identify the potential patients who were suitable for the kinematic (KA) or mechanical alignm...

    Authors: Chong Luan, Dong-Tan Xu, Ning-Jie Chen, Fei-Fei Wang, Kang-Song Tian, Chao Wei and Xian-Bin Wang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:443

    Content type: Research article

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  15. The development of developmental dysplasia of the hip can be attributed to several risk factors and often in combination with each other. When predicting the likelihood of developing this condition, clinicians...

    Authors: Andreas Roposch, Evangelia Protopapa, Olivia Malaga-Shaw, Yael Gelfer, Paul Humphries, Deborah Ridout and John H. Wedge

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:442

    Content type: Research article

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  16. Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) is a condition associated with recurrent low back pain (LBP). Knowledge regarding effective management is limited. As a step towards the identification of risk, prognostic or pot...

    Authors: Janet A. Deane, Anastasia V. Pavlova, Adrian K. P. Lim, Jennifer S. Gregory, Richard M. Aspden and Alison H. McGregor

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:433

    Content type: Research article

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  17. Symptomatic adjacent segment disease (ASDis) is a major complication following spinal fusion. Sagittal spinopelvic imbalance may contribute to the development of ASDis. However, the exact ideal correction of l...

    Authors: Shan-Jin Wang, Shu-Bao Zhang, Yu-Yang Yi, Hao-Wei Xu and De-Sheng Wu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:429

    Content type: Research article

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  18. Although MRI is the gold-standard imaging method in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, role of follow-up imaging is debated and there can be discrepancies with regard to the significance of bony or soft tissue...

    Authors: Kyung-Sik Ahn, Chang Ho Kang, Suk-Joo Hong, Baek Hyun Kim and Euddeum Shim

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:428

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Charcot spinal arthropathy, also known as Charcot spine and neuropathic spinal arthropathy, is a progressive and destructive condition that affects an intervertebral disc and the adjacent vertebral bodies foll...

    Authors: Ji Hyun Ryu, Jun-Seok Lee, Chang-Rack Lim, Wan Jae Cho and Ki-Won Kim

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:412

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  20. In the current diagnostic procedure, generally, both plain radiographs and 3D-CT scans are used for the diagnosis of acetabular fractures. There is no consensus regarding the value of a three-dimensional compu...

    Authors: Sepideh Abdi Tazeabadi, Shima Ghafourian Noroozi, Meysam Salehzadeh, Mansour Bahardoust, Hossein Farahini, Mikaiel Hajializade and Ali Yeganeh

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:405

    Content type: Research article

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  21. To evaluate paraspinal back muscles of asymptomatic subjects using qualitative and quantitative analysis on CT and MRI and correlate the results with demographic data.

    Authors: Eun Kyung Khil, Jung-Ah Choi, Eunjin Hwang, Sabrilhakim Sidek and Il Choi

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:403

    Content type: Research article

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  22. The aim of the present study was to describe and measure the occipital-cervical distance by a novel method utilizing the occiput-C4 distance (OC4D) in normal subjects, as a proposed tool to guide restoration o...

    Authors: Chao Tang, Sheng Yang, Ye Hui Liao, Qiang Tang, Fei Ma, Qing Wang and De Jun Zhong

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:385

    Content type: Research article

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  23. To evaluate the reliability of two different techniques for measuring penetration and distribution of the cement mantle in the proximal tibia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with Computer Tomography (CT) i...

    Authors: Hennie Verburg, Linda van Zeeland Koobs, Dieu Donné Niesten, Peter Pilot and Nina Mathijssen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:374

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Thoracolumbar burst fractures can be treated with posterior short-segment fixation. However, no classification can help to estimate whether the healed vertebral body will have sufficient stability after implan...

    Authors: Changxiang Liang, Guihua Liu, Guoyan Liang, Xiaoqing Zheng, Dong Yin, Dan Xiao, Shixing Zeng, Honghua Cai and Yunbing Chang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:373

    Content type: Research article

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  25. Modic Changes (MCs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal changes in the vertebral bone marrow extending from the vertebral endplate) may represent a subgroup of nonspecific chronic low back pain that could ...

    Authors: Lars Christian Haugli Bråten, Elina Iordanova Schistad, Ansgar Espeland, Per Martin Kristoffersen, Anne Julsrud Haugen, Gunn Hege Marchand, Nils Vetti, Are Hugo Pripp, Thomas Istvan Kadar, Jan Sture Skouen, Margreth Grotle, Lars Grøvle, John-Anker Zwart, Jens Ivar Brox and Kjersti Storheim

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:368

    Content type: Research article

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  26. Conventional fat quantification methods for rotator cuff muscles have various limitations, such as inconsistent reliabilities of the Goutallier grades and need for advanced techniques in quantitative MRI seque...

    Authors: Dokwan Lee, Ki-Taek Hong, Wonhee Lee, Eun Kyung Khil, Guen Young Lee, Jung-Ah Choi and Yongnam Song

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:362

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a common treatment option for paravertebral or psoas abscesses (PAs) in patients with spinal tuberculosis (ST). However, its efficacy remains controversial. The aim of the s...

    Authors: Zhifa Zhang, Yongyu Hao, Xiangyu Wang, Zhirong Zheng, Xuelin Zhao, Chunguo Wang, Xifeng Zhang and Xuesong Zhang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:353

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  28. Synovial fluid culture is the standard investigation for the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, the culture has limited sensitivity...

    Authors: Christian Morgenstern, Nora Renz, Sabrina Cabric, Elena Maiolo, Carsten Perka and Andrej Trampuz

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:345

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:255

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:256

  29. To study the correlation of neurological function in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients with quantitative assessment of spinal cord compression and impairment by intraoperative ultrasound imaging ...

    Authors: Guoliang Chen, Jiachun Li, Fuxin Wei, Qiao Ji, Wenyuan Sui, Bailing Chen, Xuenong Zou, Zuofeng Xu, Xizhe Liu and Shaoyu Liu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:336

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  30. In most institutions, arterial embolization (AE) remains a standard procedure to achieve hemostasis during the resuscitation of patients with pelvic fractures. However, the actual benefits of AE are controvers...

    Authors: Chih-Yang Lai, I-Chuan Tseng, Chun-Yi Su, Yung-Heng Hsu, Ying-Chao Chou, Huan-Wu Chen and Yi-Hsun Yu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:335

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

    The Correspondence to this article has been published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2021 22:355

  31. The anteroposterior view of the lumbar plain radiograph (AP-LPR) was chosen as the original and first radiographic tool to determine and classify lumbosacral transitional vertebra with morphological abnormalit...

    Authors: Lisheng Hou, Xuedong Bai, Haifeng Li, Tianjun Gao, Wei Li, Tianyong Wen, Qing He, Dike Ruan, Lijing Shi and Wei Bing

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:333

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  32. The need for a transfusion is one of the adverse events following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and accurately predicting this need remains challenging for arthroplasty surgeons. The purpose of the present re...

    Authors: Chuan Hu, Yuan-he Wang, Rui Shen, Chuan Liu, Kang Sun, Lin Ye, Jian-jun Ye, Xu Yang, Shao-qi Tian and Teng-bo Yu

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:315

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  33. Lumbar multifidus (LM) is regarded as the major stabilizing muscle of the spine. The effects of exercise therapy in low back pain (LBP) are attributed to this muscle. A current literature review is warranted, ...

    Authors: Anke Hofste, Remko Soer, Hermie J. Hermens, Heiko Wagner, Frits G. J. Oosterveld, André P. Wolff and Gerbrand J. Groen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:312

    Content type: Research article

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  34. Neurogenic origin intermittent claudication is typically caused by lumbar spinal canal stenosis. However, there are few reports of intermittent claudication caused by cervical spinal cord compression.

    Authors: Takuhei Kozaki, Akihito Minamide, Hiroshi Iwasaki, Yasutsugu Yuakawa, Muneharu Ando and Hiroshi Yamada

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:302

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  36. We aimed to determine if composite structural measures of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) progression on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can predict the radiographic onset of accelerated knee osteoarthritis.

    Authors: Matthew S. Harkey, Julie E. Davis, Lori Lyn Price, Robert J. Ward, James W. MacKay, Charles B. Eaton, Grace H. Lo, Mary F. Barbe, Ming Zhang, Jincheng Pang, Alina C. Stout, Bing Lu, Timothy E. McAlindon and Jeffrey B. Driban

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:299

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  37. Acute hip pain caused by femoral proximal fractures or acute hip arthritis requires imaging for accurate diagnosis. Although pocket-sized ultrasound (PsUS) offers several advantages over other imaging modaliti...

    Authors: Takashi Akimoto, Tadashi Kobayashi, Hiroki Maita, Hiroshi Osawa and Hiroyuki Kato

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:291

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions commonly cause ulnar-sided wrist pain and instability of the distal radioulnar joint. Due to its triangular shape, discontinuity of the TFCC is oftentimes diffi...

    Authors: Jan-Peter Grunz, Carsten Herbert Gietzen, Karsten Luetkens, Matthias Wagner, Karlheinz Kalb, Thorsten Alexander Bley, Lukas Lehmkuhl, Jörg van Schoonhoven, Tobias Gassenmaier and Rainer Schmitt

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:286

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Synovial sarcoma (SS) is one of the reported sarcomas in the pediatric and adult populations. Delay in diagnosis and treatment is common in SS cases. SS may be excised before the correct diagnosis is made.

    Authors: Omar A. Al-Mohrej, Saeed A. Al-Jarallah, Hamad H. Al-Dakhil Allah, Rajeev Pant and Zayed S. Al-Zayed

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:283

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  40. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of avulsion fractures of the distal fibula for lateral ankle sprain in children and compare it to that of...

    Authors: Yoshiyuki Takakura, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ryuichiro Akagi, Makoto Kamegaya, Seiji Kimura, Hirofumi Tanaka and Tetsuro Yasui

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:276

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Extreme lumbar spinal stenosis was thought to be a relative contraindication for lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and was excluded in most studies. This is a retrospective study to analyze the radiograph...

    Authors: Jun Li, Hao Li, Ning Zhang, Zhi-wei Wang, Teng-fei Zhao, Lin-wei Chen, Gang Chen, Qi-xin Chen and Fang-cai Li

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:259

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  42. Since a “gold-standard” is missing, diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum and synovial fluid...

    Authors: André Busch, Marcus Jäger, Harald Engler, Marcel Haversath, Charlotte Bielefeld, Stefan Landgraeber and Alexander Wegner

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:257

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. To investigate the relationship between femoral or tibial torsion and hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), or mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) in patients...

    Authors: Shuntaro Nejima, Yasushi Akamatsu, Hideo Kobayashi, Masaki Tsuji, Shota Mitsuhashi, Takahiro Sasaki, Ken Kumagai and Yutaka Inaba

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:254

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Lumbar disc degeneration seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is defined as loss of signal intensity and/or disc height, alone or in combination with other MRI findings. The MRI findings and thresholds use...

    Authors: Line Dragsbæk, Per Kjaer, Mark Hancock and Tue Secher Jensen

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:253

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  45. Only a small proportion of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are diagnosed on initial healthcare consultation. Current clinical guidelines do not acknowledge that primary point-of-care practitioners rely ...

    Authors: Jackie L. Whittaker, Michelle Chan, Bo Pan, Imran Hassan, Terry Defreitas, Catherine Hui, Luciana Macedo and David Otto

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:252

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. In recent years, structured reporting has been shown to be beneficial with regard to report completeness and clinical decision-making as compared to free-text reports (FTR). However, the impact of structured r...

    Authors: Su Hwan Kim, Lara M. Sobez, Judith E. Spiro, Adrian Curta, Felix Ceelen, Eric Kampmann, Martin Goepfert, Raphael Bodensohn, Felix G. Meinel, Wieland H. Sommer, Nora N. Sommer and Franziska Galiè

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:248

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. To determine the radiographic characteristics of wrists in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome patients, we compared the radiographic parameters of the wrists between carpal tunnel syndrome patients and non-symp...

    Authors: Kazuhiro Ikeda, Yuichi Yoshii, Takeshi Ogawa and Tomoo Ishii

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:245

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  49. Osteochondroma is a benign tumor that occurs mainly at the metaphysis of long bones and seldom arises from carpal bones. We describe an extremely rare case of osteochondroma of the hamate without a typical car...

    Authors: Makoto Motomiya, Taiki Sakazaki and Norimasa Iwasaki

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:231

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  50. Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare complex vessel malformation syndrome characterized by venous varicosities, capillary malformations, and limb hypertrophy. However, extensive heterotopic ossification ...

    Authors: Wanbo Zhu, Kai Xie, Jiazhao Yang, Li Li, Xujin Wang, Lei Xu and Shiyuan Fang

    Citation: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2020 21:223

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

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