From: Modeling of failure mode in knee ligaments depending on the strain rate
| Author | Failure mode | Ligament tearing | Avulsion & Tearing | Avulsion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viidik, et al | I | 10% | 19% | 71% |
| I | 9% | 9% | 82% | |
| Noyes, et al 1974a | I | 29% | 14% | 57% |
| III | 66% | 6% | 28% | |
| Noyes, et al 1974b | III | 60% | 10% | 30% |
| II | 44% | 17% | 39% | |
| II | 45% | 18% | 36% | |
| III | 64% | 9% | 27% | |
| Alm, et al | III | 94% | 6% | 0% |
| Crownishiel, et al | I | 0% | 7% | 93% |
| I or II | 33% | 17% | 50% | |
| III | 50% | 25% | 25% | |
| III | 57% | 29% | 14% | |
| Kennedy, et al | III | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Noyes, et al 1976 | I | 15% | 0% | 85% |
| III | 100% | 0% | 0% | |
| III | 100% | 0% | 0% | |
| Woo, et al | I | 0% | 0% | 100% |
| III | 67% | 33% | 0% | |
| Schenck, et al | III | 89% | 0% | 11% |
| IV | 0% | 0% | 100% | |
| III | 56% | 44% | 0% | |
| V | 44% | 22% | 33% |